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10:1 Now these are the generations I Chronicles 1:1-27 Adam, Sheth, Enosh, "Noah" (noach) rest, consolation "sons of Noah" /
of the sons of Noah; Shem, Ham, Kenan, Mahalaleel, Jered, "Shem" (shem) renown, fame While I Chronicles 1 seems to be a /
and Japheth: and unto them were Henoch, Methuselah, Lamech, "Ham" (cham) swarthy, sun-burnt, hot a direct copy of that of much of /
sons born after the flood. Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. "Japheth" (yepheth) expansion the genealogy of Genesis 10 there /
10:2 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and are a number of minor differences. /
Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Magog and Madai, and Javan, and "Gomer" (gomer) completion Chronicles does not specify that /
Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. "Magog" (magowg) ???? Shem, Ham and Japheth are the sons /
10:3 And sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz, And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz "Madai" (maday) ???? of Noah. Neither does it specify /
and Riphath, and Togarmah. and Riphath, and Togarmah. "Javan" (yavan) effervesing which are the sons of Aram. Also /
10:4 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, And the sons of Javan; Elishah, "Tubal" (tubal) tumult there are a few differences in the /
and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. "Meshech" (meshek) a sowing Hebrew text which result in slight /
10:5 By these were the isles of the "Tiras" (tiyrya) fearful variances in the equivalent English /
Gentiles divided in their lands; "Ashkenaz" (ashknaz) ???? spelling of names, for example. /
every one after his tongue, after "Riphath" (riyphath) spoken Genesis Chronicles /
families, in their nations. "Togarmah" (togarmah) bony Phut Put /
10:6 And the sons of Ham; Cush, and The sons of Ham; Cush, and "Elishah" (eliyshah) God saves Sabtah Sabta /
Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. Mizraim, Put, and Caanan. "Tarshish" (tarshiysh) a gem Mash Mesheck /
10:7 And the sons of Cush; Seba, and And the sons of Cush; Seba, and "Kittim" (kittiyiy) ???? Salah Shelah /
Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, Havilah, and Sabta, and Raamah, "Dodanim" (rodaniym) leaders Obal Ebal /
and Sabtecha: and the sons of and Sabtecha. And the sons of This illustrates the difficulties /
Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. "Cush" (kuwsh) black that translators encounter. Lang- /
10:8 And Cush begat Nimrod: he And Cush begat Nimrod: he began "Mizraim" (mitsrayim) fortifications uages are dynamic and change over /
began to be a mighty one in the to be mighty upon the earth. "Phut" (puwt) ???? time. It appears that the author /
earth. "Canaan" (knaan) humiliated of Chronicles changed the spellings /
10:9 He was a mighty hunter before "Seba" (cba) ???? to coincide with that of his time. /
the Lord: wherefore it is said, "Havilah" (chaviylah) circular Most scholars believe that Chronicles /
Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter "Sabtah" (cabtah) ???? was authored by Ezra (5th century BC) /
before the Lord. "Raamah" (ramah) shaking which would be approximately eight /
10:10 And the beginning of his "Sabtecha" (cabtka) ???? centuries after the work of Moses /
kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and "Sheba" (shba) ???? (13th century BC). And most scholars /
Accad, and Calneh, in the land of "Dedan" (ddan) low beieve that Moses was copying from /
Shinar. "Nimrod" (nimrod) rebel documents that were very ancient in /
10:11 Out of that land went forth his day, possibly the works of Shem /
Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and "Ludim" (luwdiyiy) ???? (possibly 24th century BC). Note /
the city Rehoboth, and Calah, "Anamin" (anamim) ???? also that the Chronicles is just a /
10:12 And Resen between Nineveh and "Lehabim" (lhabiym) flames listing of names of renown persons /
Calah: the same is a great city. "Naphtuhim" (naphtuchiym) ???? and deletes a number of details that /
10:13 And Mizraim begat Ludim, and And Mizraim begat Ludim, and "Pathrusim" (pathruciy) ???? Genesis includes. Obviously the /
Anamim, and Lehabim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and "Casluhim" (kacluchiym) ???? author of Chronicles have a very dif- /
Naphtuhim, Naphtuhim, "Caphtorim" (kaphtoriy) ???? ferent reason for his text than that /
10:14 And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, And Pathrusim, and Casluhim "Sidon" (tsiydon) fishery of Moses. /
( out of whom came Philistim,) and (of whom came the Philistines) "Heth" (cheth) terror There are many other difficulties /
Caphtorim. and Caphthorim. "Jebusite" (ybuwciy) trodden that translators encounter which /
10:15 And Canaan begat Sidon his And Canaan begat Zidon his first- "Amorite" (emoriy) mountaineer allows room for the many translations /
first-born, and Heth, born, and Heth, "Girgasite" (girgashiy) ???? of the Word that now exist. Mainly /
10:16 And the Jebusite, and the The Jebusite also, and the "Hivite" (chivviy) villager the fact that the languages of today /
Amorite, and the Girgasite, Amorite, and the Girgashite, "Arkite" (arqiy) ???? are much more dynamic than the /
10:17 And the Hivite, and the And the Hivite, and the "Sinite" (ciyniy) ???? ancient languages and new words come /
Arkite, and the Sinite, Arkite, and the Sinite, "Arvadite" (arvadiy) refuge into use and other words become /
10:18 And the Arvadite, and the And the Arvadite, and the "Zemarite" (tsmariy) ???? obsolete in the matter of a decade, /
Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and Zemarite, and the Hamathite. "Hamathite" (chamathiy) walled not centuries. Also the form of /
afterward were the families of the languages have changed considerably /
Canaanites spread abroad. since early Hebrew did not contain /
10:19 And the border of the vowels, capital letters, or punctua- /
Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou tion. But the main difficulty is /
comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as understanding concepts that are /
thou goest unto Sodom, and totally foreign to todays world. It /
Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, is very easy to be sceptical about /
even unto Lasha. concepts that have not been experie- /
10:20 These are the sons of Ham, nced in recent history. But any who /
after their families, after their are keeping abreast of the many new /
tongues, in their countries, and wonders that the space program is /
in their nations. unveiling almost daily should not be /
10:21 Unto Shem also, the father of "Eber" (eber) across, beyond susprised by almost anything! /
all children of Eber, the brother "Elam" (eylam) hidden, distant /
of Japheth the elder, even to him "Asshur" (ashshur) successful "Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one" /
were children born. "Arphaxad" (arpakshad) ???? "a mighty hunter before the Lord: /
10:22 The children of Shem; Elam, The sons of Shem; Elam, and "Lud" (luwd) ???? Some interpretors take these as /
and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, "Aram" (aram) highland positive declarations; /
and Aram. and Aram, "Uz" (uwts) consultation "a giant", "hero", /
10:23 And the children of Aram; Uz, and Uz, "Hul" (chuwl) a circle "the first potentate on earth" /
and Hul, and Gether, and Mash. and Hul, and Gether, and Meshech. "Gether" (gether) ???? "a mighty hunter, blessed of God" /
10:24 And Arphaxad begat Salah; and And Arphaxad begat Shelah, "Mash" (mash) ???? Others see a negative side to these; /
Salah begat Eber. and Shelah begat Eber. "Salah" (shelach) spear "a despot", "mighty tyrant in the /
10:25 And unto Eber were born two And unto Eber were born two "Peleg" (peleg) divided face of Jehovah" /
sons: the name of one was Peleg; sons: the name of the one was Peleg; "Joktan" (yoqtan) will be made little The Jerusalem Targun says: /
for in his days was the earth because in his days the earth was "Almodad" (almowdad) God is friend "He was powerful in hunting and /
divided; and his brother's name divided: and his brother's name "Sheleph" (sheleph) extract in wickedness before the Lord, /
was Joktan. was Joktan. "Hazar-maveth" (chatsarmaveth) for he was a hunter of the sons /
10:26 And Joktan begat Almodad, and And Joktan begat Alomdad, and village of death of men, and he said to them, /
Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and Sheleph, and Hazar-maveth, and "Jerah" (yerach) month, moon "Depart from the judgment of the /
Jerah, Jerah, "Hadoram" (hadoram) hadad is exalted Lord, and adhere to the judgment /
10:27 And Hadoram, and Uzal, and Hadoram also, and Uzal, and "Uzal" (uwzal) wanderer of Nimrod" Therefore is it said: /
Diklah, Diklah, "Diklah" (diqlah) palm "As Nimrod the strong one, strong /
10:28 And Obal, and Abimael, and And Ebal, and Abimael, and "Obal" (owbal) stone in hunting, and in wickedness /
Sheba, Sheba, "Abimael" (abiymael) God is my father before the Lord."" /
10:29 And Ophir, and Havilah, and And Ophir, and Havilah, and "Sheba" (shba) ???? The cities listed to be of his /
Jobab: all these were the sons of Jobab. All these were the sons of "Ophir" (ophiyr) fruitful kingdom were located in the plain /
Joktan. Joktan. "Havilah" (chaviylah) stretch of sand of Shinar, later identified as /
10:30 And their dwelling was from "Jobab" (yowbab) howler Sumer, and then Babylon. From /
Mesha, as thou goest unto Sephar, chapter 11 to follow we know that /
a mount of the east. Babel had a negative connotation. /
10:31 These are the sons of Shem, Shem, Arphaxad, Shelah, Also many translators would /
after their families, after their Eber, Peleg, Reu, render "Out of that land went /
tongues, in their lands, after Serug, Nahor, Terah, Asshur" to be "went forth into /
their nations. Abram; the same is Abraham. Assyria" to indicate that he went /
10:32 These are the families of the forth as a conqueror to expand /
sons of Noah, after their his kingdom into the land that /
generations, in their nations: and had belonged to Asshur. Assyrian /
by these were the nations divided legend confirms this by attributing /
in the earth after the flood. the founder of Ninevah to "Ninus", /
evidently a form of Nimrod. /
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MATTERS OF CONTENTION MATTERS OF CONTENTION /
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"by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood." "Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided;" /
While the picture of the descendants of these men has become rather Scholars have long noted that the word used in verse 25, and which is /
clouded with time and the expansion over the earth, we present the translated as divided, differs from the words in verses 5 and 32. /
following lists of peoples that various historians have indicated to be verse 5 & 32 - parad --to break, to spread, to separate, to /
descendants of the offspring of Noah. There is some disagreement in this be put asunder, to be dispersed /
area among scholars. verse 25 ----- palag --to split, to divide as a channel of /
watercourse /
Japheth (father of indo-european nations) Many scholars see the two words as being equivalent and that the reference /
Gomer Cimmerians, Celts, Cimbri, Gauls, Galatians, is to the story of chapter eleven in which the languages of the people are /
Tokhari (Sinkiang province of China) confounded and the people scattered over the face of the earth. Some /
(The father of the white Aryan race.) scholars feel that there is a deeper meaning to the word of verse 25 in /
Magog Scythians, Georgians, tribes of southern Russia. that division by water is implied. They propose that for a long period /
Madai Medes, Persians following the diluge the surface of the earth was undergoing many great /
Javan Ionians, Greeks changes. Scientists studying the oceans have long noted that the ocean /
Tubal Tabali, Tibarenoi (Southern Russia) levels have in times past risen to levels hundreds of feet above the /
Mesheck Mushku, Moskkoi, Muscovites (Southern Russia) present level and have also sunken to levels hundreds of feet below the /
Tiras Tyrsenoi (Aegean island locations) present level. But of course they would like to place these great changes /
Ashkenaz Teutonic race, Germanic tribes, Scandianavians in ocean levels to the far distant past. /
Riphath Carpathians Many propose that great changes in the ocean levels following the diluge /
Togarmah Armenians and the ice age that they proposed followed the diluge would explain much /
Elishah Aeolians, Italians of the characteristics of the earth surface and its isolated human and /
Tarshish Spanish animal populations. That there were periods prior to and also following /
Kittim Cypriots, Macedonians the diluge in which all continents were connected by land bridges that /
would be surfaced by the lowering water levels. This would allow animals /
Ham (father of African and Arabian nations) and people to easily migrate between the continents at one time. But that /
Cush Midianites, Ethopians it was some time after the diluge that the earth surface and water levels /
Mizraim Egyptians achieved the configurations that we now know them to be today. In which /
Phut (Put) Libyans for many generations peoples and animal populations were isolated on the /
Cannan The various Cannanite tribes: continents and islands allowing them to become genetically isolated. Since /
Sidon; Sidonians, Phonecians we know that even today certain species are becoming extinct, this could /
Heth; Hittites possibly explain why some species seem to be isolated to certain land areas /
Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivites, Arkites, and fossil remains indicate that most areas once had a variety of different /
Sinites, Arvadites, Aemarites and Hamathites species living on them. It is also proposed that the climatic conditions /
were changing greatly following the diluge and this would also contribute /
Shem (father of Semitic mations) to the forming of the race and species patterns that now survive on the /
Eber Hebrews earth. Since the fossil and rock layers tell us that at one time nearly /
Elam Elamites, Persians all the earth's surface was covered by water and also even to the now /
Asshur Assyrians frigid poles there was once abundant plant life. This nearly all scient- /
Arphaxad Chaldeans ists would agree to, but they will disagree strongly as to the timing of /
Lud Lydians these great changes. /
Aram Aramaeans, Syrians As Bible scholars we must realize that for the written account to make /
mention of "was the earth divided", ever so brief it is, means that it was /
Obviously those who are sceptical of the Biblical stories do not accept well worth recording. For if you believe in the inerrancy of the Scriptual /
that the greatly different characteristics of the various races of people record you must know that no words are to be taken lightly. As we contin- /
could have been spawned by one family with one patriarch. But what other uously realize there is much that has not yet been full revealed to our /
reasonable explanation do they have to offer? One group of genetic full understanding. As students we have a choice to explore and try to /
scientists recently published the results of their studies in which they understand each new scientific discovery and its connections to the Script- /
concluded that all human species originated from one mother who was ures or as many would, we can try to use them to disprove the written /
originally located in Africa. Such studies would seem to reinforce the record. But realize that many a sceptic studying the Bible trying to /
logic of the Biblical stories. But of course most scientists wish to disprove its Words have become believers. /
place the origin of the human species back many millions of years. /
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